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托福阅读1000词-第27部分

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搭配 silicon chip 硅片
例句 1。 The chips in the painted figures that are suggested to be made by spears thrown at the drawings can be seen as the evidence of the theory。 绘出的图形中的碎片可以看作这一理论的证据,而这些碎片被认为是将茅掷向画作时所产生的。
2。 Early settlers used to chip blocks of ice; in order to melt it for drinking water。 早期移民常常凿开冰块,将其融化成饮用水。
同义 integrated circuit(集成电路,芯片);break off'削(或凿)下'
communal[k?'mju:nl]a。 公共的,共享的;社区的
例句 1。 The primary reason for moving to America was the social benefits associated with communal life。 移居美国的主要原因是与公共生活相关的社会福利。
2。 After several generations of population growth; people packed the landscape in densities so high that communal pueblos may have been a necessary outcome。 经过几代的人口增长,该地区已被高度密集的人口填满,因此社区的出现是一种必然结果。
3。 His paintings depict the communal cultural experience of Mexican descended people in the U。S。 他的绘画描写了美籍墨西哥人的社区文化经历。
要点 communal在托福阅读中通常用的是“社区的”这个词义,比如communal villages“社区村落”。
condition[k?n'di?n]n。 状况;[常 pl。]环境,形势
搭配 on condition(that)如果;out of condition 健康不佳
例句 1。 Growing conditions throughout the Middle East are generally poor forcing Middle Eastern people to depend on imported food。 整个中东地区的种植条件都很匮乏,这迫使该地区的人们必须依赖进口食品。
2。 An animal can hide from predators by choosing the light environment; but it may require moving to different parts of the forest at different times or under different weather conditions。 通过选择不同的光环境,动物可以躲避天敌,但这可能需要在不同时间或者根据气候条件躲避到森林的不同地方来实现。
3。 Both animals and plants have different appearances in these various lighting conditions。 在不同的光照环境中,动物和植物都会有不同的外观。
confine[k?n'fain]v。 限制;禁闭
例句 1。 Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings。 旧石器时代晚期的艺术不仅局限于洞穴壁画。
2。 The other early apartment buildings were confined to the typical New York building lot。 其他早期的公寓楼的分布局限于典型的纽约建筑用地。
同义 restrict; limit(v。 限制)
consist[k?n'sist]v。 在于,存在于;由…组成
搭配 consist of 由…组成在一起;consist in 在于,存在于
例句 1。 The first successful plants on Hawaii were probably lichens; which consist of algae and fungi。 第一种在夏威夷成功存活下来的植物或许是地衣,包括藻类和菌类。
2。 Ancient Greek philosophers thought the Earth consisted of five elements。 古希腊哲学家认为地球由5种元素构成。
3。 A balanced meal consists of five key elements: proteins; carbo…hydrates; fats; vitamins and minerals。 平衡的膳食包括5个关键的要素:蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、维生素和矿物质。
同义 compose(v。 由…组成,由…构成)
派生 consistent(a。 一致的);consistently(ad。 一贯地)
要点 托福阅读中也会经常用到consist的形容词形式consistent“始终如一的,一致的”,以及词组be consistent with“与…一致”。
consumption[k?n's?mp?n]n。 消耗(量);消费(量);食用;挥霍
搭配 consumption pattern 消费模式
例句 1。 Nowadays; the cinema became a form of mass consumption。 如今,电影成了一种大众消费形式。
2。 A large number of products was transported by water to markets in the cities; where the consumption of fruit and vegetables was no longer restricted to the wealthy。 大批的农产品通过水路运送到城市中的市场,水果和蔬菜不再是只有富人才能食用了。
contain[k?n'tein]v。 包含;容纳;控制
例句 1。 Research shows that ancient oceans on Mars contained only small amounts of carbon。 调查显示,火星上的远古海洋只含有少量的碳。
2。 The earliest Ediacara fossil formation; which contains the oldest known animal fossils; consists exclusively of soft…bodied forms。 最早形成的埃迪卡拉化石包含已知最古老的动物化石,仅包含软体组织形式。
3。 A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains was found in Russia。 在俄罗斯发现了一个年代稍近的含有动物残骸的化石。
同义 admit(v。 容纳);control(v。 控制)
要点 contain这个词在托福阅读中出现的频率非常高,常用“包含”这个词义,相当于include。
cover['k?v?r]v。 盖,覆盖;范围为,占;掩饰
搭配 cover up 掩盖,掩饰;take cover 隐蔽;under cover 秘密地
例句 1。 The proof is wide…ranging because it covers multiple age…groups。 证据很广泛,因为它涵盖了很多年龄组。
2。 Most of Earth's history recorded that glaciers did not exist; but at the present time about 10 percent of Earth's land surface is covered by glaciers。 大多数有关地球史的记载表示冰川并不存在,但是目前看来,地球表面有10%的陆地都被冰川覆盖。
3。 Research now shows that the parts of the inner continental shelf remain covered with ice。 调查表明部分内部大陆架现在依然有冰雪覆盖。
crack[kr?k]v。(使)破裂;破坏 n。 裂缝,裂纹
搭配 crack down(on。。。)镇压,严厉打击
例句 1。 Large quantities of water may also be stored in lime stones when cracks have been enlarged to form cavities。 当裂缝扩大形成洞穴的时候,大量的水可能被储存于石灰石中。
2。 The otter uses a stone to crack mussel shells。 海獭用石头敲碎贝壳。
同义 break[v。(使)破裂];crush(v。 压碎);split(n。 裂缝,裂纹)
cramped[kr?mpt]a。 狭窄的;拥挤的
例句 About 350 B。C。; a small village settlement of cramped pit dwellings was founded here。 大约公元前350年,一个狭窄的洞穴房屋构成的小村落在这里建成了。
cultivation[?k?lti'vei?n]n。 耕种;培养,教育
例句 1。 The cultivation of crops has expanded into drier regions as the population density is growing。 由于人口密度不断增长,作物的种植开始向干旱地区扩展。
2。 Bringing more land under cultivation produced enough food to support population growth。 耕作更多的土地能提供更多的粮食产量,以应对人口增长。
3。 After several years of cultivation and harvest; people here led a happy life。 经过多年的劳作,这里的人们过上了幸福生活。
current['k?:r?nt]a。 现行的;流通的 n。 流;趋势;涌流
搭配 air currents 气流
例句 1。 This fact was of great value in helping the national economies find their place in the evolving currents of the international economy。 这个事实在帮助该国经济在不断变化的国际经济趋势中找到自己的位置方面具有很大价值。
2。 The islanders were skilled enough to sail against the prevailing winds and currents。 这些岛民的技术足够娴熟,可以逆着风向和洋流航行。
同义 stream[ n。(液体、气体的)流];tendency(n。 趋势)
要点 current在托福阅读中经常用到“当前的”这个词义,相当于ongoing;还会用到“气流”这个词义,如:currents in the Pacific“太平洋上的气流”。
cushion['ku?n]n。 垫子,靠垫 v。 缓冲
搭配 air…cushion vehicle 气垫船
例句 1。 Alpine cushion plants have been found growing at an altitude of 6;180 meters。 我们发现高山上的垫状植物生长在6180米海拔之上。
2。 The carpet cushioned the fall of the vase。 地毯缓冲了花瓶的坠落。
同义 pillow(n。 垫子)
damage['d?mi?]n。 毁坏,损害;[常 pl。]损害赔偿(金)v。 毁坏,损害
例句 1。 Parasitic damage to Australian rabbits was never reversed because the rabbits can not bear the parasites attacks。 寄生虫对澳大利亚兔子种群的损害从来没有改变过,因为兔子无法忍受寄生虫的攻击。
2。 Damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than that by natural events。 人类对环境的破坏通常比自然事件造成的损害更为严重。
3。 They have to fix the damage caused by the global economic crisis and ask for a bigger budget and continue with their business。 他们必须弥补在全球经济危机中造成的损失,要求更高的预算并继续他们的业务。
debris[d?'bri:]n。 岩屑;废墟,残骸;碎屑,散落的碎片
例句 1。 The tremendous energy of slowly moving glaciers finally deposits rock debris into large rock formations。 这座缓慢移动的冰川具有的巨大能量最终使岩石碎块沉积成了巨大的岩石结构。
2。 Scientists have warned that satellite failures would become a commonplace since the amount of space debris reaches a tipping point。 科学家已经警告由于太空中的残骸数量已经达到极限,因此卫星发射失败可能会变成一件司空见惯的事情。
3。 Debris thrown into the atmosphere by an asteroid collision would presumably contain large amounts of iridium; and at the same time atmospheric currents would carry this material all over the globe。 大气层中行星撞击形成的碎片可能含有大量的铱元素,与此同时,大气的气流会把这些铱带到地球的每个地方。
同义 ruin; remains(n。 废墟,残骸);fragment(n。 碎屑,散落的碎片)
deceive[di'si:v]v。 欺骗
例句 We may be deceived by the figure since over 80 percent of the world's freshwater is locked up as ice in glaciers。 我们可能被这个数字欺骗了,因为世界上80%的淡水都是以冰的形式冻结在冰川中的。
deplete[di'pli:t]v。 使枯竭,耗尽;倒空;消耗
例句 1。 Except for being depleted in volatile elements; chondritic meteorites are probably very similar in the matter which makes up planets。 除了缺乏挥发性元素外,球状陨石的组成物质与行星十分相似。
2。 The meteorite is depleted in the most volatile elements; like hydrogen and carbon。 这颗陨星耗尽了大部分的挥发性元素,比如氢气和碳。
3。 Some plants can bear relatively low levels of certain minerals; but they are of little use for recycling nutrients back into depleted soils。 某些植物能够忍受某些特定矿物质的较低含量,但这些植物几乎无法将营养供给到贫瘠的土壤中循环再用。
同义 exhaust(v。 使枯竭,耗尽)
depletion[di'pli:?n]n。 削减,消耗
例句 1。 The depletion of the ozone layer over the Arctic region has reached an unprecedented level — a loss of 40% from the beginning of the winter to late March in 2011。 从冬天开始到2011年三月下旬,南极地区的臭氧层减少了40%——这已达到一个空前的水平。
2。 In modern agriculture; mineral depletion of coal is a major concern。 在现代农业中,煤炭资源的消耗是最令人担忧的。
3。 The black loams of the prairies were tempting to New England farmers working their rock and to southeastern farmers plagued with soil depletion。 大草原提供了诱人的黑色土壤——这对整日与岩石地打交道的新英格兰农民或为土壤贫瘠所困扰的东南部农民来说极具吸引力。
disperse[di'sp?:rs]v。 分散,散开;疏散
例句 1。 In some cases; owls get food from the seeds that are dispersed in the wind。 在一些情况下,猫头鹰把飘散在风中的种子当做食物。
2。 A survey shows that it is difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups。 一项调查显示,当人们兜兜转转,分散在大群体中的时候,想要了解一个人是很困难的。
3。 The fact that pollinators obtain food from the flowering plants makes the plants have its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only。 传粉者从开花植物中获取花粉,这比植物仅依靠风的作用来传播花粉或分散种子的效率更高。
domestication[d??mesti'kei?n]n。 驯养;教化
例句 1。 Many complicated theories attempt to explain the way of early domestication of animals。 很多复杂的理论试图解释早期驯养动物的方法。
2。 The proposed areas of the domestication of African crops lie in a bank in West Africa。 提到的非洲作物驯化的区域位于西非某条河的河畔。
drain[drein]v。(使)流走,流干;渐渐耗尽
例句 1。 Much of the water in a sample of water…saturated sediment will drain from it if the sample is placed in a dry place。 如果将样本放在一个干燥的位置,那么这个渗满水的沉积物样本中大部分的水分都会流失。
2。 It is thought the total volume of water in the saturated sample cannot drain away。 饱和样品的总含水量被认为是不可能耗尽的。
3。 Endogenous rivers often do not reach the sea but drain into inland basins。 内生河流通常不会流入大海,而是会在内陆盆地中逐渐干涸。
同义 flow away(流走)
drainage['dreini?]n。 排水;排水系统,排水装置
例句 Extensive irrigation with poor drain
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